Dados do Trabalho

Título

MIOPIA NA ERA DIGITAL: FATORES DE RISCO E ESTRATEGIAS DE PREVENÇAO DURANTE A INFANCIA

Resumo

INTRODUÇÃO: A miopia é uma doença causada pelo crescimento ocular irregular, principalmente pelo afinamento das camadas da retina. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), 50% da população será míope até 2050, afetando, sobretudo, crianças em idade escolar. O início precoce da miopia está associado a incidência de maiores graus na vida adulta, além de inúmeras doenças que podem se manifestar posteriormente. Durante a pandemia da COVID-19 foram impostas medidas de restrição na tentativa de desacelerar a propagação do vírus, essas medidas trouxeram uma ascensão ao mundo digital, gerando mudanças significativas no estilo de vida. A facilidade do acesso às tecnologias aumentou o tempo de exposição às telas e causou um declínio das atividades ao ar livre, causando riscos consideráveis na progressão e início da miopia. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma revisão literária conduzida a partir de artigos indexados na base de dados Pubmed, utilizando os descritores: “screen time”, “myopia”, “child”, conectados pelo operador booleano “AND”, resultando em 99 artigos. A escala PRISMA foi utilizada na seleção com intuito de melhorar o relato desta revisão, onde foram selecionados 36 artigos entre 2014 e 2024. REVISÃO SISTEMATIZADA: Os estudos apontam que o sexo feminino apresentou maior propensão e progressão da miopia. Observou-se que a incidência de miopia em residentes urbanos foi 21,77% maior do que em residentes rurais. Ademais, pessoas que passam mais de 120 minutos por dia usando dispositivos eletrônicos apresentam maior chance de ter miopia .A prática de esportes, o tempo de repouso após o uso contínuo de telas, o aumento do tempo de sono e a boa iluminação apresentaram-se como fatores protetores da progressão de miopia. Além disso, atividades ao ar livre proporcionam exposição à luz solar, que aumenta a liberação de dopamina na retina e vitamina D, sendo também um fator protetor contra a miopia. Verificou-se que períodos de exposição a telas superiores a 45 minutos, geram um risco maior de desenvolver miopia. Com isso, a OMS recomenda que a exposição a telas em idade pré-escolar seja inferior a 1 hora por dia. CONCLUSÃO: Devido o uso crescente de tecnologias, é necessário a conscientização dos pais sobre os malefícios que a exposição prolongada pode causar na saúde ocular, por isso estratégias devem ser criadas na tentativa de reduzir o uso de aparelhos eletrônicos, a fim de evitar o desenvolvimento e a progressão da miopia em crianças.

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